KUALITAS, KESEHATAN, DAN ERODIBILITAS TANAH UNTUK PRIORITAS KONSERVASI PADA KEBUN SAWIT RAKYAT DI SINTANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58466/ab63ty25Kata Kunci:
kualitas tanah, kesehatan tanah, erodibilitas, konservasi tanah, sawit rakyatAbstrak
Tanah kebun sawit rakyat di Kalimantan Barat bersifat masam dan fungsinya mudah menurun, tetapi penilaian tanahnya jarang mengaitkan kondisi kesehatan tanah dengan prioritas konservasi. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kualitas tanah, kesehatan tanah, dan estimasi erodibilitas pada dua blok kebun sawit rakyat di Sintang yang dipupuk organik dan NPK untuk menentukan faktor pembatas dan arah pengelolaan konservasi. Sampel Inceptisol (0-20 cm) diambil pada tiga titik per blok dan dianalisis untuk 12 parameter fisik, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks kualitas tanah (IKT) dihitung dengan formula Bajracharya, indeks kesehatan tanah (IKS) dengan kerangka skor berbasis literatur 11 indikator, dan erodibilitas (K) dengan nomograf Wischmeier pada beberapa skenario tekstur, struktur, dan permeabilitas. IKT berkelas sedang pada kedua blok (0,49 dan 0,50). IKS juga berkelas sedang dan hampir sama, yaitu 49,2 pada blok organik dan 49,4 pada blok anorganik (Hedges' g = −0,04; selang kepercayaan 95% −1,31 sampai 1,25). Kesetaraan itu terbentuk dari indikator yang berlawanan arah: cacing tanah, N-total, dan C-organik lebih baik pada blok organik, sedangkan P tersedia (30,7 dibanding 10,2 ppm), skor pH, dan retensi air lebih baik pada blok anorganik. Faktor pembatas di kedua blok ialah pH rendah (4,5 sampai 5,1), K-dd 0,08 sampai 0,10 cmol(+) kg⁻¹, KTK rendah, dan biomassa mikroba rendah. Estimasi K berkisar sedang sampai tinggi (0,31 sampai 0,47) bergantung pada asumsi tekstur, struktur, dan permeabilitas. Temuan ini mengarahkan konservasi pada pemeliharaan bahan organik, pemupukan K berimbang, dan perlindungan permukaan tanah. Karena setiap sistem diwakili satu kebun, hasilnya bersifat diagnostik dan perlu diverifikasi pada lebih banyak kebun.
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